A SYSTEM APPROACH TO THE STUDY OF INNOVATIVE ACTIVITY OF PRODUCTION ORGANIZTIONS

Abstract

The approaches to assessing the attractiveness of innovations by organizations that develop and use them in their business are considered. There are flaws in the marketing (economic) approach, according to which innovations are assessed by the expected economic effect from their commercialization, and in the technological approach, according to which the purpose of innovations is limited to an increase in the technical level of production and of the quality of products. Our proposal is to use a systems approach to assess the attractiveness of innovation. In accordance with it, innovations are assessed by the degree of their compliance with the goals and objectives of the organization at the strategic, tactical and operational levels of management. Since strategic level innovation is critical to the development of an organization, the innovation strategy should be an integral part of the overall development strategy of the organization. The research methodology in the work was made up of the systems aspects of the presentation and analysis of the activities of organizations in praxeology, the theory of viable systems, the concept of the system of resources of activity, strategic management. It is shown that in accordance with these areas of research, an organization should be considered as a system of reproduction of its resources, during which they are replenished and renewed. The purpose of reproduction is to ensure and increase the viability of the organization through its adaptation to the environment. In the activity of the organization, it is proposed to distinguish its current reproductive and innovative types of activity The way of current reproduction is determined by the production technology, the composition of marketable products, policies and technologies of the organization's interaction with stakeholders. Radical innovation leads to a change of the way of current reproduction. The way of innovative activity is determined by its objects (technological or product innovations) and the stage of the innovation process at which the organization is connected to bring it to the stage of implementation of technological innovation or to the stage of commercialization of product innovation. There are analyzed the influence of typical situations in which organizations can act on the ways of their innovative activity. The characteristics of the situation of the organization's activity were the resources available to it, corresponding to its industry affiliation, the organization's environment, as well as the relations and connections of the organization with the environment. There are identified 3 typical situations of activity, which differ in the level of science intensity industries in which the organizations operate. There are determined the features of innovative strategies of organizations for the selected situations of activity.