РОЛЬ ФІНАНСОВИХ ІНСТРУМЕНТІВ У СТИМУЛЮВАННІ РОЗВИТКУ ВІДНОВЛЮВАНОЇ ЕНЕРГЕТИКИ
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32782/ecovis/2025-3-9Ключові слова:
фінансові інструменти, відновлювана енергетика, інвестиції, CfD, зелені облігації, blended finance, WACC, LCOE, банківська привабливістьАнотація
У статті досліджено економічну сутність та роль фінансових інструментів у стимулюванні розвитку відновлюваної енергетики в умовах трансформації глобальної енергосистеми. Систематизовано існуючі підходи до класифікації інструментів за джерелом фінансування (державні, приватні, змішані), фазою втручання у проєктний цикл (інвестиційна, експлуатаційна, ризикова), а також за механізмом впливу на ключові економічні показники проєкту (CAPEX, OPEX, WACC, LCOE, bankability). У роботі особливу увагу приділено інструментам, що забезпечують зниження вартості капіталу, покращення банківської привабливості, покриття ризиків на різних етапах проєкту, а також масштабування ринку через стандартизацію та ліквідність. Запропоновано узагальнену класифікаційну матрицю фінансових інструментів, яка дозволяє оцінювати їхню ефективність у залежності від економічного каналу впливу та стадії життєвого циклу ВДЕ-проєкту.
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