LEGAL REGULATION OF UNIVERSAL MECHANISMS OF INTERNATIONAL COPYRIGHT PROTECTION

Abstract

The study provides a comprehensive analysis of the international legal regulation of copyright protection in the context of contemporary challenges of the digital era and the transnational circulation of intellectual property objects. It is substantiated that the globalization of the information space and the rapid development of digital technologies lead to the transnationalization of copyright infringements, which, in turn, significantly complicates the application of traditional national mechanisms of protection. It is established that the current system of international copyright regulation is characterized by fragmentation, manifested in divergent national approaches to defining the scope of legal protection, enforcement procedures, and liability mechanisms. From a retrospective perspective, the role of the Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works is identified as foundational, having established the core principles of national treatment, automatic protection, and independence of copyright protection. It is determined that the further development of international standards has occurred through their adaptation to evolving socio-economic conditions, particularly within the framework of the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS), which integrated intellectual property into the global trade system. Particular attention is given to the role of regional legal regulation within the European Union, where directives function as key instruments for harmonizing national legal systems. It is revealed that, despite the formal unification of substantive legal standards, significant disparities persist in procedural and sanctioning mechanisms, thereby reducing the effectiveness of enforcement in crossborder disputes. The necessity of enhancing international cooperation is substantiated, particularly through strengthening coordination among states and implementing joint mechanisms to combat infringements. It is further emphasized that a crucial direction for the development of copyright protection lies in the harmonization of national legislation in line with international standards, as well as in the improvement of conflict-of-law regulation based on the principles of territoriality, party autonomy, and mutual recognition of decisions.